Monday, October 25, 2010

Genetics Project Part One...

Hello,
I am currently working on a project for my genetics class, I thought you might be interested in some new animals I learned about (well no really new, but new to me, and possibly you too0 a lot of the animals seen here have been around for a long time now. As part of my project I need your response to these animals, what are your views on scientist creating these animals? And any other comments or questions you may have.
Please leave all comments on the website below, for I have to turn in this website for a grade.
Thank you for helping me out on my project,
~Sincerely, K



Here are the animals:
The Mule
A mule is the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse. Horses and donkeys are different species, with different numbers of chromosomes. All male mules and most female mules are infertile. The size of a mule and work to which it is put depends largely on the breeding of the mule's dam. Mules can be lightweight, medium weight, or even, when produced from draught horse mares, of moderately heavy weight. A female mule that has estrus cycles and thus, in theory, could carry a fetus is called a "molly" or "Molly mule," though the term is sometimes used to refer to female mules in general. Pregnancy is rare, but can occasionally occur naturally as well as through embryo transfer. One of several terms for a gelded mule is a "John mule."

The Hinny
A hinny is a domestic equine hybrid that is the offspring of a male horse and a female donkey (called a jenny). It is similar to the more common mule, which is the product of a female horse and a male donkey.
 

The Liger
The liger is a hybrid cross between a male lion and a tigress, hence has parents with the same genus but of different species. It is the largest of all known cats and extant felines. Ligers enjoy swimming which is a characteristic of tigers and are very sociable like lions but are more likely to live past birth than Tiglons. However ligers may inherit health behavioral issues due to conflicting inherited traits, but this depends on the genetic traits of the parents. Ligers exist only in captivity because the habitat of the parental species do not overlap in the wild. Notably, Ligers typically grow as large as both parents put together.

The Tiglon
A tiglon or tigon is a hybrid cross between a male tiger and a lioness hence has parents with the same genus but of different species. The tiglon is not currently as common as the converse hybrid, the liger; however, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, tiglons were more common than ligers.

The Zorse
A zorse is the offspring of a male zebra and a female horse. This cross is also called a zebrula, zebrule, zebra mule or golden zebra. Like most other animal hybrids, the zorse is sterile.

The Horbra
The rarer reverse pairing is sometimes called a horbra, hebra, zebrinny or zebret.

The Zonkey
A zonkey is a cross between a zebra and a donkey. "Zonkey" is not the technically correct name for such a cross. The most commonly accepted terms are zebonkey (or zebronkey), zebrinny, zebrula, zebrass, and zedonk (or zeedonk). Another name that is sometimes used is "zebadonk". Donkeys are closely related to zebras and both animals belong to the horse family. Zonkeys are very rare. In South Africa, they occur where zebras and donkeys are found in proximity to each other. Like mules, however, they are generally genetically unable to breed, due to an odd number of chromosomes disrupting meiosis.

The Zony
A zony is the offspring of a zebra stallion and a pony mare. Medium-sized pony mares are preferred to produce riding zonies, but zebras have been crossed with smaller pony breeds such as the Shetland, resulting in so-called "Zetlands".

The Beefalo
Beefalo are a fertile hybrid offspring of domestic cattle, and the American bison,(generally called buffalo in the US). The breed was created to combine the best characteristics of both animals with a view towards beef production. Beefalo are primarily cattle in genetics and appearance, with the breed association defining a full beefalo as one with ⅜ (37.5%) bison genetics, while they call animals with higher percentages of bison genetics "bison hybrids".

The Wholphin
A Wholphin or Wolphin is a rare hybrid, born from a mating of a male killer whale and female Bottlenose Dolphin Although they have been reported to exist in the wild, there are currently only two in captivity, both at Sea Life Park in Hawaii. The wholphin proved fertile when she gave birth at a very young age. The calf died after a few days. However, in 1991, Kekaimalu gave birth once again, to daughter Pohaikealoha. For 2 years she cared for the calf, but did not nurse it (it was hand-reared by trainers). Pohaikealoha died at age 9. On December 23, 2004, Kekaimalu had her third calf, daughter Kawili Kai, sired by a male bottlenose. This calf did nurse and was very playful. Only months after birth, it was the size of a 1-year-old bottlenose dolphin. Both remain in captivity, and are now part of the normal tour at Sea Life Park. Kekaimalu is featured in the main dolphin show at Sea Life Park.
Wholphin

The Zubron
Zubron is a hybrid of domestic cattle and wisent. The wisent is the European bison hence the zubron is analogous to the American Beefalo. The name zubron was officially chosen from hundreds of proposals sent to the Polish weekly magazine during a contest organised in 1969.

The Dzo (male) & Dzomo (female)
A dzo is a hybrid of yak and domestic cattle. The word dzo technically refers to a male hybrid, while a female is known as a dzomo or zhom. Alternative Romanizations of the Tibetan names include zho and zo. In Mongolian it is called khainag. There is also the English language portmanteau term of yakow; a combination of the words yak and cow, though this is rarely used. Dzomo are fertile, while dzo are sterile. As they are a product of the hybrid genetic phenomenon of heterosis (hybrid vigor), they are larger and stronger than cattle or yak. In Mongolia and Tibet, khainags are thought to be more productive than cattle or yaks in terms of both milk and meat production. Dzomo can be back crossed. As a result, many supposedly pure yak or pure cattle probably carry a dash of each other's genetic material. In Mongolia and Tibet, the result of a khainag crossed with either a domestic bull or yak bull is called ortoom (three-quarter-bred) and an ortoom crossed with a domestic bull or yak bull results in a usan güzee (one-eighth-bred).
(Dzo)
(Dzomo)

The Yakow

The Geep
A sheep–goat chimera (sometimes called a geep in popular media) is a chimera produced by combining the embryos of a goat and a sheep; the resulting animal has cells of both sheep and goat origin. A sheep-goat chimera should not be confused with a sheep-goat hybrid, which can result when a goat mates with a sheep.

The Cama
A cama is a hybrid between a male Dromedary camel and a female llama, produced via artificial insemination at the Camel Reproduction Centre in Dubai. The first cama was born on January 14, 1998. The aim was to create an animal with the size and strength of the camel, but the more cooperative temperament and the higher wool production of the llama. An adult camel weighs six times as much as a llama. Thus, artificial insemination is the only way to produce a live and thriving cama. Only the artificial insemination of a female llama with sperm from a male dromedary camel has been successful in producing a cama. Other combinations, such as artificial insemination of a female camel with male llama sperm, have not produced viable offspring. The cama is not sterile because, unlike other well known hybrids, the camel and the llama have the same number of chromosomes. This is not generally true for other successful livestock hybrids, such as the mule. For example, the horse has 64 chromosomes and the donkey has 62, so when they breed it produces an animal with 63 chromosomes, namely, the mule. The first cama showed signs of becoming sexually mature at four years of age, when it started to show signs of wanting to breed with the female guanaco and a female llama. At this stage, the first cama was a disappointment behaviorally, displaying an extremely poor temperament. A more recent story suggests that his behavior is generally more gentle as hoped for. The second cama, a female named Kamilah, was successfully born in 2002. Four camas have since (April 2008) been produced using artificial insemination.

The Huarizo
A huarizo is a cross between a male llama and a female alpaca. It is generally bred for its exceptional fleece. Huarizo are generally sterile, but recent genetic research conducted at the University of Minnesota Rochester suggests that it may be possible to preserve fertility with minimal genetic modification. Most huarizos in the United States are now fertile. The original large, short fleece llama comprises only about 10% of the population.

The Coydog
A coydog is the hybrid offspring of a male coyote and a female dog. Together they are genetically capable of producing fertile young. The dogote, a similar hybrid, is the result of breeding a male domestic dog with a female coyote. Where the cross-breeding of animals is concerned, the father's species gives the first part of the offspring's name.

The Grolar bear
A grizzly–polar bear hybrid (also Pizzly bear, Prizzly bear or Grolar bear) is a rare ursid hybrid that has occurred both in captivity and in the wild. In 2006, the occurrence of this hybrid in nature was confirmed by testing the DNA for a strange-looking bear that had been shot near Sachs Harbour, Northwest Territories on Banks Island in the Canadian Arctic.Ursid hybrids, a term that designates any hybrid of two species within the family Ursidae, include several other types of polar bear hybrids. Polar bear hybrids with Grizzly bears in the wild have been reported and shot in the past as well, but DNA techniques were not available to verify the bears' ancestry.

The Leopon
A leopon is a hybrid resulting from the crossing of a male leopard with a lioness. The head of the animal is similar to that of a lion while the rest of the body carries similarities to leopards. These hybrids are produced in captivity and are unlikely to occur in the wild.The first documented leopon was bred at Kolhapur, India in 1910. Its skin was sent to R. I. Pocock by W. S. Millard, the Secretary of the Bombay Natural History Society. It was a cross between a large leopard and a lioness. Two cubs were born, one of which died aged 2.5 months and the other was still living when Pocock described it in 1912. Pocock wrote that it was spotted like a leopard, but that the spots on its sides were smaller and closer set than those of an Indian leopard and were brown and indistinct like the fading spots of a juvenile lion. The spots on the head, spine, belly and legs were black and distinct. The tail was spotted on the topside and striped underneath and had a blackish tip with longer hairs. The underside was dirty white, the ears were fawn and had a broad black bar but did not have the white spot found in leopards. Pocock wrote that the closest he had previously seen to this type of hybrid was the lijagulep (Congolese Spotted Lion) bred in Chicago.



And the Yakalo
A Yakalo is a hybrid of a yak and an American bison produced by selective breeding. Yakalos are rare except in central Alberta, Canada, where they are sometimes called "yak-bison" or "Alternative Cattle". Some Alberta farmers keep them as beef or dairy animals, since they are easier to overwinter in the snowy climate than other cattle are.



These are just to name a few...
Please respond back and let me know your opinions, comments and questions. It would be much appreciated for my project.
Please leave all comments/questions/opinions on the website.
Thanks again
~K
P.S. If you are interested in anymore information on these animals try googling or yahooing them.